Exhaust gas line serving for the feed of exhaust gas turbochargers



8, 1970 w. RUDERT ET'AL 3,524,315

EXHAUST GAS LINE SERVING FOR THE FEED OF EXHAUST INVENTORS GASTURBOCHARGERS Filed April 18, 1968 E F. M mnunb M E 8 N U H A w A m 6 Wx. W .J

M m 2 6 I w [I 6 6 M m 6 00 mi N M 6 3 ATTORNEYS United States PatentInt. Cl. F01!! 7/10, 7/18 US. C]. 60-29 Claims ABSTRACT OF THEDISCLOSURE An exhaust gas line for internal combustion engines with anumber of cylinders which includes exhaust gas pipe sections and pipeelbows to conduct the exhaust gases from the cylinder head to an exhaustgas turbocharger which is to be loaded at predetermined pulse sequence;the pipe elbows conduct the exahust gases from the cylinder heads to therespective exhaust gas pipe sections in such a manner that theindividual partial lines extend within a common multiple-flow pipe; theindividual exhaust gas sections may be connectedwith each other byconnecting joints provided with a double dividing wall that effectivelyoverlaps with its forked ends the ends of the separating walls providedwithin the exhaust gas pipe sections.

BACKG-ROUN D OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to anexhaust gas line for internal combustion engines consisting of exhaustgas pipe sections and of pipe elbows which lead from the cylinder headsto an exhaust gas turbocharger which itself is to be loaded or actedupon with a predetermined pulse sequence.

Exhaust gas pressure waves occurring in pulse shape should be suppliedin predetermined timed sequence to exhaust gas turbochargers, especiallythose operating according to the so-called Biichi-charge principle. 'Inorder to make this possible, one combines the exhaust gases of certaincylinders in different lines so that the desired shape of the curve forthe exhaust gas pulses takes place at the end of these exhaust gaslines. Several exhaust gas lines have to be provided for that purpose,especially with internal combustion engines having a larger number ofcylinders. These exhaust gas lines have a large space requirement thatoftentimes is not available because the two lines have to have arelatively large spacing from each other for reasons of insulation andassembly or the like. The line layout and guidance becomes particularlydifficult it, by reason of the ignition sequence, successive cylindershave to be conducted alternately into the different exhaust gas linesections.

SUMMARY 'OF THE INVENTION The aim of the present invention resides increating exhaust gas lines for the turbocharge which are utilizableaccording to the building block principle for all internal combustionengines, irrespective of the number of cylinders, and which neverthelessoccupy less space than the known lines of this type.

As solution to the underlying problems, the present invention providesthat the individual partial lines extend or are conducted in a commonmultiple-flow pipe. This means that the pipe cross sections of the knownlines are combined in a single pipe whose space requirement isconsiderably less than the space requirement of the 3,524,315 PatentedAug. 18, 1970 separately conducted lines known heretofore. Sincetherebeyond the heat-transferring surface has become smaller, the energylosses by the exhaust gas line can be reduced.

According to a further feature and development of the present invention,provision is made that with double entry pipes, a partition wall placedapproximately through a diameter of the exhaust gas pipe section isprovided therein which partition wall is welded together with theexhaust gas pipe section at its circumference disposed within the areaof the exhaust gas pipe section and which, within the area of theconnection of the exhaust gas pipe section with a pipe elbow, extendsalong one-half of the associated cutout or aperture and has acorresponding bent or bulged portion. One can thereby determine in asimple manner by the direction of the bulge or bend into which part ofthe pipe the cylinder is to feed. Additionally, with exhaust gas pipesections which have been made of double-entry-type in this manner, asingle ring-shaped seal against the outside may be provided at the endsthereof.

If one additionally provides that the cutout or aperture is axiallysymmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas pipe section,then this leads automatically to partition walls that have apredetermined type of bulges or bends. Separating walls with thesebulges can then be used uniformly for all exhaust gas pipe sections andone only has to be careful during assembly whether the bulge shouldconduct the exhaust gas stream into the one or other pipe half. Theseparating wall is continued in sleeves connecting the respectivelyadjacent exhaust gas pipe sections. A seal sufiicient for the occurringpressure shocks is achieved by the overlap without the need of utilizingexpensive sealing elements.

A transition of the gas stream, advantageous from a flow or streamlinepoint of view, from the pipe elbow to the exhaust gas pipe section isobtained if the nonbent or nonbulged part of the separating wall lies ina plane that is tangential to the center axis of the pipe elbow. A bulgeor bend that is relatively short in the flow direction is then adequatefor the introduction of the gas stream.

Such types of exhaust gas lines can be manufactured easily if both theexhaust gas pipe sections as well as the pipe elbow consist of twohalf-shells whose one separating plane lies in the plane of thenonbulged part of the separating wall and whose other separating planeis disposed parallel to the first separating plane and extends throughthe center axis of the pipe elbow. The entire construction can then bewelded together whereby it is possible at times to connect togetherthree parts with a single seam.

Accordingly,:it is an object of the present invention to provide anexhaust gas line for the supply of exhaust gas turbochargers whichavoids by simple and operationally reliable means the aforementionedshortcomings and drawbacks encountered in the prior art.

Another object of the present invention resides in an exhaust gas linefor the feed of exhaust gas turbochargers which greatly reduces thespace requirements for the exhaust gas lines while facilitating thelayout and accommodation of the line section.

A further object of the present invention resides in an exhaust gas linefor turbochargers which can be built up in the manner of building blocksregardless of the number of cylinders in the engine.

A still further object of the present invention resides in an exhaustgas line for turbochargers in which the pipe cross sections of thedifferent lines required heretofore can be combined in a single pipe,thereby also reducing the heat-transferring surface and therewithreducing the energy losses in the exhaust gas line.

Still another object of the present invention resides in an exhaust gasline of the type described above which can be assembled and manufacturedin a simple and relatively inexpensive manner.

A still further object of the present invention resides in a sealingconnection of two exhaust gas line sections which provides asufiiciently strong seal with relatively simple means that can bereadily assembled.

These and further objects, features, and advantages of the presentinvention will become more obvious from the following description whentaken in connection with the accompanying drawing which shows, forpurposes of illustration only, one embodiment in accordance with thepresent invention, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a partial side elevational view of an exhaust gas line inaccordance with the present invention with the cylinder heads indicatedin dash line;

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view, in the plane of the drawing ofFIG. 1, through a left outer partial area of the exhaust gas line ofFIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IIIIII of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V-V of FIG. 4.

Referring now to the drawing wherein like reference numerals are usedthroughout the various views to designate like parts, the internalcombustion engine illustrated includes cylinder heads 10, 12, 14 and 16(FIG. 1) indicated in dash line. As illustrated for the three lattercylinder heads 12, '14 and 16, pipe elbow flanges 18, 20 and 22 aresecured thereon by conventional means (not illustrated). Pipe elbows 26,28 and 30- which are welded into the central apertures 24 (FIGS. 3 and4), form together with the exhaust gas pipe sections 32, 34, 36 and 38an exhaust gas line. The pipe elbows 26, 28 and 30 and the exhaust gaspipe sections 32, 34, 36 and 38 are each joined of two deep-drawnhalf-shells made from high-heat-resistant sheet metal or plates whoseseparating plane is disposed perpendicular to the plane of the drawingof FIGS. 3 or 4 extends both through the respective pipe elbow centeraxis 40 as Well as through the radius of the exhaust gas pipe sections32 to 38 which is disposed in the main plane of separating walls 42, 44and 46. These two partial planes pass over into each other at point 48(FIGS. 3 and 4). To the extent the half-shells abut against each otherin these planes, they are welded together by V-seams.

The separating walls 42, 44 and 46 subdivide the exhaust gas line into adouble-entry pipe and consist, like the half-shells, of highheat-resistant sheet metal. The separating walls 42, 44- and 46 formwithin their center areas 50 and 52 facing the pipe elbows 26, 28 and 30a reinforcing bulge or bend whose edges 54- and 58 closely adjoin theconfiguration of the respective pipe elbow. The bulge together with theedge is particularly clearly visible in FIG. 5 which shows theseparating wall 46. The separating walls 42, 44 and 46 are, insofar asthey adjoin directly the pipe elbows 26, 28 and 30 or the exhaust gaspipe sections 32, 3'4, 36 and 38, welded at their edges together withthese pipe albows and exhaust pipe sections in an airtight manner. Theseparating walls 44 and 46 are constructed identically and have beeninserted into the respective pipe sections only rotated by 180 abouttheir cross axis and securely welded in such position. As can be seenalso in particular from FIG. 5, this is possible without difiicultybecause the edge area 60 of the pipe eblows 26, 28, 30 is constructed inthe cross-sectional plane of the cross section VV exactly as the edgearea 62.

By thus welding-in the separating walls 44 and 46 once in one positionand the next time in the other position thereof, one can achieve thatone can feed, for example, from the cylinder head 14 into the one-half64 of the exhaust gas pipe section 36 and from the cylinder head 16 intothe other half 66 of the exhaust gas pipe section 38. Both halves areseparated from each other in a pressuretight manner.

FIG. 2 illustrates how the transition is solved from a single-entryexhaust gas pipe section 32, into which feeds the preceding cylinder,into the double-entry exhaust gas pipe section 34. One has, for thispurpose, reduced the exhaust gas pipe section 34 in its left end area 68as viewed in FIGS. 1 and 2 to the diameter of the smaller exhaust gaspipe section 32 and has bent off the separating wall 42 beginning at theplace 70 so that the separating wall 42 abuts in its left end area 72 orat the edge thereof against the inner surface of the end area 68. Theend area 72 is welded together thereat with the end area 68.

The connection between the individual exhaust gas pipe sections 32, 3-4,36 and 38 takes place by sleeve joints or connections of which one willbe explained by reference to FIG. 5. The other sleeve connections areconstructed accordingly.

The exhaust gas pipe sections are welded at their ends to turned ormachine rings 74 and 76 whose outer diameter is slightly larger thanthat of the exhaust gas pipe section. Each ring 74 and 76 is machined orturned to a predetermined depth so that an annular space 78 and 80results, into which a sleeve 82 can be inserted during assembly whoseouter diameter is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of theannular spaces 78 and 80 and whose inner diameter correspondsapproximately to the inner diameter of the exhaust gas pipe sections.Lamellae piston rings 86 are inserted into circumferential grooves 84 ofthe sleeve 82 which abut sealingly against the outer surface of theannular spaces 78 and 80. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the lamellaepiston rings 86 can fulfill their tasks also when the exhaust gas pipesection 38 is not completely aligned with the exhaust gas pipe section36.

As-can be further seen from FIG. 5, the separating walls 44 and 46extend only up to the annular spaces 78 and 80..A dividing wall 88 whichis welded into the sleeve 82 along a diameter, consists of two sheetmetal plates 90 and 92 and is bent apart in a fork-shaped manner withinits end areas as shown as to the rest, however, the two plates 90 and 92are welded together at the mutually contacting surfaces. Since the forkends 94 and 96 project beyond the end areas of the separating walls 44-and 46, a sealingconnection is obtained that is adequate for thepressure shocks.

This type of construction according to the present invention makespossible during the assembly a very simple plug-type connection as wellas enables ready interchangeability of the parts.

While we have shown and described only one embodiment in accordance withthe present invention, it is under stood that the same is not limitedthereto but is susceptible of numerous changes and modifications asknown to a person skilled in the art, and We therefore do not wish to belimited to the details shown and described herein but intend to coverall such changes and modifications as are encompassed by the scope ofthe present invention.

We claim:

1. An exhaust gas line for internal combustion engines, comprisingexhaust gas pipe sections and pipe elbows which lead from the cylinderheads to an exhaust gas turbocharger to be loaded with a predeterminedpulse sequence, said exhaust gas line adapted to be assembled inaccordance with a building-block type construction wherein said exhaustgas pipe sections are substantially the length of the cylinder heads,characterized in that said exhaust gas pipe sections and said pipeelbows comprise double-flow exhaust conduits essentially consisting oftwo half-shells, the junction between the halves of said exhaust gaspipe sections being disposed approximately on a diametrical plane ofsaid exhaust gas pipe sections and the junction between the halves ofsaid pipe elbows having a continuous transition into the plane of thejunction of each of said exhaust gas pipe sections, identical individualseparating Wall means being located in the plane of the junction of eachof said exhaust gas pipe sections, said separating wall means beingprovided with an unbulged portion and with a bulged portion in the zoneof each of said pipe elbows, and said bulged portion having a rim whichis in contacting relationship with the inner wall of each of said pipeelbows.

2. An exhaust gas line according to claim 1, further comprisingconnecting sleeve means including dividing wall means for connecting twoadjacent exhaust gas pipe sections, said separating wall means beingdisposed within said dividing wall means so as to overlap saidseparating wall means at the upstream and downstream end areas thereof.

3. An exhaust gas line according to claim 2, wherein said separatingwall means is overlapped on both surfaces at each end area so as toprovide a seal for pressure waves.

4. An exhaust gas line according to claim 3, wherein said unbulgedportion of each of said separating wall UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,271,7797/ 1918 Schroeder 60-29 2,390,913 12/1945 Barrett 60-29 2,637,160 5/1953Thomas 6029 2,886,945 5/1959 Hofer 60-29 FOREIGN PATENTS 673,277 6/1952Great Britain.

MARK M. NEWMAN, Primary Examiner D. HART, Assistant Examiner US. Cl.X.R. 601 3

